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Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that can cause pain, swelling and stiffness in joints.
It is what is known as an auto-immune condition. This means that the immune system, which is the body’s natural self-defence system, gets confused and starts to attack your body’s healthy tissues. In rheumatoid arthritis, the main way it does this is with inflammation in your joints.
As the tissue that lines your joints (synovial membrane) become inflamed and thickened, fluid builds up and joints erode and degrade. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. Some people call it degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees. With OA, the cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change.
A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.
In rheumatoid arthritis, the body’s immune system attacks its own tissue, including joints. In severe cases, it attacks internal organs.
Rheumatoid arthritis affects joint linings, causing painful swelling. Over long periods of time, the inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis can cause bone erosion and joint deformity.
While there’s no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, physiotherapy and medication can help slow the disease’s progression. Most cases can be managed with a class of medications called anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)
Symptoms:
The main symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are:
joint pain
joint swelling, warmth, and redness
stiffness, especially first thing in the morning or after sitting still for a long time.
Other symptoms can include:
tiredness and lack of energy – this can be known as fatigue
a poor appetite (not feeling hungry)
weight loss
a high temperature, or a fever
sweating
dry eyes – as a result of inflammation
chest pain – as a result of inflammation.
Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint in the body, although it is often felt in the small joints in the hands and feet first. Both sides of the body are usually affected at the same time, in the same way, but this doesn’t always happen.
A few people develop fleshy lumps called rheumatoid nodules, which form under the skin around affected joints. They can sometimes be painful, but usually are not.
Rheumatoid arthritis Causes:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition, which means it’s caused by the immune system attacking healthy body tissue. However, it’s not yet known what triggers this. Your immune system normally makes antibodies that attack bacteria and viruses, helping to fight infection
Osteoarthritis Causes:
Osteoarthritis is caused by joint damage. This damage can have a cumulative effect over time, which is why age is one of the main causes of the joint damage leading to Osteoarthritis. The older you are, the more repetitive stress you’ve had on your joints.
Other causes of joint damage include:
past injury, such as torn cartilage, dislocated joints, or ligament injuries
joint malformation
obesity
poor posture
Certain riskfactors increase your chances of developing Osteoarthritis. They include:
having family with the condition, particularly parents or siblings
gender, with women having higher rates of OA than men
being at least 50 years old, according to the Arthritis Foundation
having undergone menopause
having an occupation that involves kneeling, climbing, heavy lifting, or similar actions
a history of injury
being overweight or having obesity
poor posture
having another medical condition that affects your joint health, such as diabetes or a different type of arthritis
Having Osteoarthritis in one part of your body also increases your risk of developing OA in other parts of your body.
Primary osteoarthritis is caused by the breakdown of cartilage, a rubbery material that eases the friction in your joints. It can happen in any joint but usually affects your fingers, thumbs, spine, hips, knees, or big toes. Osteoarthritis is more common in older people.
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Indications: a) Osteoarthritis b) Rheumatoid arthritis c) Inflammations & Swelling of joints d) Arthralgia
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